Russia’s NPO Splav, a key player in the nation’s missile production, has initiated a significant upgrade program for its 300mm rockets, which are integral to the BM-30 Smerch and Tornado-S multiple launch rocket systems (MLRS). This initiative aims to substantially extend the operational range of these systems beyond the current 300-kilometer threshold, enhancing their strategic strike potential.
Russia’s artillery capabilities are rooted in both Soviet-era designs and modernized systems, with an emphasis on improving the range and precision of its heavy artillery. Systems like the BM-21 Grad, BM-27 Uragan, and BM-30 Smerch have undergone considerable upgrades, notably through the integration of the Tornado-G and Tornado-S variants.
The 300mm rocket is central to these developments, with variants capable of reaching up to 200 kilometers, depending on the configuration. These extended ranges have proven vital, particularly in counter-battery operations against Western-supplied artillery systems such as the HIMARS and M270, used by Ukrainian forces.
Prior to the Ukraine conflict, estimates suggested that Russia possessed between 100 and 170 BM-30 Smerch units, with around 20 Tornado-S systems in active service. While these numbers have likely increased with additional deployments to frontline units, precise figures remain unavailable. Despite battlefield losses, including the destruction of at least two BM-30 Smerch systems, these artillery platforms continue to play a critical role, leveraging their range advantage to strike deep behind enemy lines.
In December of the previous year, NPO Splav announced ambitious modernization plans aimed at boosting both the range and accuracy of these systems. Key to these advancements is the development of a new guided hypersonic missile featuring a ramjet engine, which could transform the capabilities of the BM-30 and Tornado-S. Alongside this, existing 9M55F/K and 9M544/549 rocket variants are being upgraded to improve aerodynamics and incorporate new solid-fuel propulsion systems, which would extend their range by up to 200 kilometers, further enhancing the firepower of these launchers.
The most groundbreaking development in the pipeline is a new 300mm guided missile capable of striking targets at an extraordinary 300-330 kilometers. This missile, featuring an integrated rocket engine and retractable air intakes, would elevate Russia’s artillery capabilities to a level comparable to the Iskander-M missile system, though with a smaller warhead. The missile is expected to reach speeds of around 1000 meters per second during its terminal phase, marking a significant shift in Russia’s strike options. However, the timeline for deployment remains uncertain, as the development of such advanced technology is expected to take years.
The Tornado-G and Tornado-S are modernized MLRS variants that embody Russia’s efforts to improve its rocket artillery. Both systems are produced by NPO Splav and offer significant advancements over older Soviet-era systems like the BM-21 Grad and BM-27 Uragan.
The Tornado-G, an upgraded version of the BM-21 Grad, was introduced in the late 2000s to enhance the range, accuracy, and efficiency of its predecessor. Equipped with an advanced fire control system, the Tornado-G integrates modern navigation and targeting technology, improving precision and reducing deployment and reloading times. This system can carry a variety of rocket types, including cluster munitions and guided projectiles, with a larger payload capacity than the BM-21 Grad.
The Tornado-S, a more advanced successor to the BM-30 Smerch, is a 300mm MLRS designed for strategic and tactical strikes against high-value targets. It boasts superior range, accuracy, and payload capacity, with guided missiles that can strike targets up to 120-200 kilometers away. The Tornado-S also features automated fire control systems, which enhance its operational flexibility and speed.
The key distinction between the Tornado-G and Tornado-S lies in their rocket caliber and range. The Tornado-G, utilizing 122mm rockets, is effective for localized, tactical operations with a range of up to 40 kilometers. In contrast, the Tornado-S uses 300mm rockets, capable of reaching up to 200 kilometers, making it ideal for striking targets deep behind enemy lines. Additionally, the Tornado-S incorporates more sophisticated guidance systems, allowing for greater precision and reduced collateral damage.
While both systems use automated targeting systems, the Tornado-S integrates more advanced technology, making it more effective for engaging distant and moving targets. The Tornado-S is also more versatile, capable of launching a wider range of munitions, including guided cluster bombs and precision-guided missiles. This versatility positions the Tornado-S as a crucial component of Russia’s modern artillery, supporting both tactical and strategic objectives.
In terms of integration, the Tornado-S is often deployed within larger, coordinated artillery units, linked to broader command-and-control networks for synchronized strikes with other artillery systems and aircraft. This integration allows for devastating, coordinated barrages. Conversely, the Tornado-G, while still a capable system, is more suited to independent operations or smaller-scale engagements.
Overall, while both the Tornado-G and Tornado-S represent significant advancements over their Soviet predecessors, the Tornado-S stands out for its superior firepower, longer range, and advanced targeting capabilities, making it a powerful asset in modern warfare. The Tornado-G remains an effective tool for tactical operations, but the Tornado-S is more suited for strategic operations where precision and heavy payloads are paramount. Together, these systems represent a formidable force in Russia’s artillery arsenal, capable of meeting a broad spectrum of operational needs.
